On the Henley Passport Index 2025, Nigeria ranks 96th, with visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 44 destinations. That’s a marginal dip from last year and places Nigeria in a tie cluster with countries such as Ethiopia and Lebanon.

In Arton Capital’s Passport Index 2025, which uses a different scoring method (“Mobility Score”), Nigeria ranks 84th, with a mobility score of 54 (25 visa-free, 27 visa-on-arrival, 2 eTA). Both rankings tell the same story: limited global mobility compared to regional peers. 

What’s driving Nigeria’s low ranking?

• Reciprocity gaps & slow bilateral deals: Fewer up-to-date visa-waiver agreements compared to peers.
• Security & documentation trust: Countries calibrate access based on identity integrity and overstay risk; weak perception reduces waivers.
• Service delivery constraints: Backlogs, inconsistent e-passport rollout, and verification issues hurt confidence at foreign borders.
• Global headwinds: Major markets have tightened rules broadly in 2025, affecting many countries (not just Nigeria). 

7 fixes that could move Nigeria up the rankings:

Close high-impact bilateral visa deals

Target regional and trade partners where traffic is already strong (ECOWAS+North Africa, Gulf states, Türkiye, Indonesia, Malaysia). Use reciprocity and open-skies concessions to unlock waivers or VoA. Measurable gain: +5 to +10 destinations in 12–18 months.

Finish the e-passport upgrade (and prove it works)

Universalise ICAO-compliant e-passports with biometric verification, stronger public-key infrastructure, and automated border-control compatibility. Publish quarterly uptime/backlog stats to build trust with foreign ministries.

Visa-integrity MOUs with top destinations

Offer data-sharing (Timatic-aligned), overstay monitoring, and readmission protocols. Prove risk management to unlock pilots for eTA/VoA with mid-tier destinations.

Service delivery SLAs at home

Set and meet 7–10 day SLAs for standard passport processing nationwide; publish real-time dashboards. Reliability at home improves credibility abroad.

Targeted youth, business, and health-travel corridors

Negotiate limited-scope waivers for students, conference delegates, medical travellers, and investors with pre-clearance schemes. Use them as trust ladders to full waivers.

Air connectivity diplomacy

Pair visa talks with air-service agreements (more direct flights, code shares). When connectivity improves, partners are more likely to reciprocate on visas, raising mobility metrics.

Consular muscle & diaspora diplomacy